Long-term U.S. strategic energy policy needed

No event has been a sharper blow to economic stability than the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and no industry is more affected by the Ukraine invasion than the energy industry. The war has cut access for many to the second largest oil-producing nation in the world, Russia, immediately destabilizing the market. The refusal of Mideast nations to increase oil production to compensate for the Russian oil caused a further spike in prices, while a recent lockdown in China over a COVID-19 outbreak has slightly offset those effects.

These global events caused the WTI barrel price of $91.59 on Feb. 25 to spike to $130.50 a barrel on March 9, then collapse to $94.46 March 16. The volatility led to worldwide price hikes for gasoline, a situation that is compounding inflation.

President Joe Biden called for the release of 30 million barrels of U.S. strategic reserve oil in his March 1, 2022, State of the Union address to counter worldwide shortfalls in supply caused by the war. That number was increased by 180 million barrels on March 31, to be released at a rate of one million barrels per day for 180 days. Exxon Mobil and Chevron both announced plans to boost production in their Permian Basin fields and some domestic companies have increased domestic production. These moves convey a positive and supportive message, however, without teaming with other oil producing countries, they may ultimately prove to be symbolic, given the volume of Russian oil that needs to be replaced in the worldwide market. “The U.S. cannot go it alone,” says Grant Thornton’s Energy Industry national managing partner Bryan Benoit.

Oil companies must consider whether this represents a long-term change in the world’s acceptance of Russian oil, and whether that result would be economically viable. “It’s impossible for leaders around the world to not be looking at the current situation and asking themselves whether they have the right plan in place -- the right suppliers, the right companies in the right commodities, the right sources of energy -- to have a sustainable source of energy for the citizens of their country,” Benoit says.

Renewable energy conversion not an overnight fix

One trend that seems likely to be accelerated by these disruptions is the increased use of renewable energy sources – solar, wind and hydro. Countries may agree that a transition to renewable energy is a long-term solution to sustainable energy issues, but it can’t be a short-term one.

“It is not technologically, politically or economically possible to instantly transition to other sources of energy,” Benoit says. America needs discussion and agreement on what that energy plan will be, what steps are needed to make it happen and when those steps should occur.

Liquid natural gas (LNG) could be a bridge to cleaner energy. LNG is a hydrocarbon fuel that burns more cleanly than oil and gas. Currently, the U.S. is the world’s largest natural gas producer and, at the present production rate, has enough reserves for about 60 years. In addition, the infrastructure already exists to increase production as LNG production sites are typically located near oil fields and coal deposits.

While the infrastructure is there, it is also showing its age. Much of it was built during World War II, when the pipeline construction cost was no object and rights-of-way were a non-issue because natural gas transportation was needed in the war effort. Relying on natural gas production will require considerable investment, but it might make sense as a quicker, cleaner alternative to oil and coal while renewable energy infrastructure capacity is increased.

“Pipeline systems will continue to change hands through mergers and acquisitions, and systems will be upgraded as part of those deals,” Benoit says. Those upgrades will be expensive, however, and the timing of those deals and related cashflows may not perfectly align with capital requirements and fluctuations in inflation. Nonetheless, Benoit says, increasing LNG production fits well into America’s global business strategy.

Inflation pressures could delay capital spending

Inflationary trends were well underway before the Ukraine invasion, spurred by supply chain disruptions and increased pandemic-related federal spending.

“Many energy industry capital projects were delayed and now there’s pent-up demand. There is a need to spend on large capital assets,” Benoit says. “But the amounts that were previously budgeted may no longer be enough because of inflation.”

Couple that with the Fed’s commitment to raising interest rates to bring inflation under control, Benoit says, and energy companies may decide to continue delaying financing some long-anticipated capital expenditures. All that pressure would serve to slow any sort of new initiative, like upgrading existing infrastructure or drilling new wells. “These financing costs might become too great to provide adequate returns to investors in renewable energy projects as well,” Benoit says.

Cost-containment has already been a favored business strategy in the energy industry since the Saudi-Russia price war two years ago, just on the cusp of the COVID-19 pandemic, but it can only go on so long before you harm a business’s cash flow and dividends, which are of high importance to investors, Benoit says. The global nature of the issue causes more uncertainty as well, as inflationary pressures will hit various regions differently.

In addition, the oil and gas sector had 274 bankruptcies since 2014. The bankruptcies have required layoffs, reorganizations and optimization initiatives in order to cut costs. One aspect of the industry that’s not well understood is that, despite its overall size, it is not as labor-intensive as it is asset-intensive, which makes it less able to cut employees in tough times. Despite the oil and gas industry’s centrality to Houston’s economy, for example, energy is not the region’s biggest employer. “It doesn’t take 1,000 people to run a refinery,” says Benoit.

One certainty is that rising energy costs in manufacturing will be a major driver of inflationary pressures on other industries. Benoit says you can already see that in the automotive market, where inflated prices are causing five-year-old cars to sell for at or near their original sticker price.

Boosting resilience by improving analytics

Analytics, agility and informed decisions, are concepts that are animating businesses in almost every industry, Benoit says, and certainly in energy. Our own investigations show that 87% of all energy companies are either planning or have completed a data modernization initiative. In large part, this reliance on cost-efficiency through analytics was the result of earlier shocks to the oil industries, which explains why data modernization is already the industry norm, Benoit says.

“One benefit of having strong analytics solutions is that it streamlines compliance issues,” Benoit says. These lead to informed decisions that are transformative because they can be assessed almost immediately, and thus lead to quicker and more flexible actions, all increasing profitability.

This article is part of Grant Thornton’s quarterly Industry Intersections series, where we examine how key industries are addressing pressing trends. To read how other industries are managing global instability, visit Industry Intersections.